Surveillance on allergic rash associated with vaccination in Huzhou City / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the incidence of allergic rash associated with vaccination in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2021, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of allergic rash. @*Methods@#Data pertaining to cases with vaccination-related allergic rash in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2021 were captured from the National Adverse Events Following Immunization Surveillance System of Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System, and epidemiological characteristics, vaccination and clinical features of allergic rash were analyzed.@*Results@#Totally 324 allergic rash cases were reported in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2021, with an annual reported incidence of 6.12/105 doses. The incidence of allergic rash was 6.40/105 doses among men and 5.82/105 doses among women, and allergic rash predominantly occurred among cases under 1 year, with a reported incidence of 8.32/105 doses. The largest number of cases was reported in the second quarter (108 cases, 33.33%), and the largest number of cases was reported in Deqing County (92 cases, 28.40%) with a reported incidence of 11.52/105 doses. The highest reported incidence of allergic rash was seen following immunization with combined live-attenuated measles-mumps-rubella vaccines (41.23/105 doses). There were 203 cases (62.65%) diagnosed as allergic rash, 55 cases (16.98%) diagnosed as urticaria, 51 cases (15.74%) diagnosed as measles scarlet fever-like rash, and 15 cases (4.63%) diagnosed as maculopapule. There were 94 (29.01%) cases with fever, and 78.70% allergic rash occurred within 24 hours of vaccination.@*Conclusion@#The incidence of allergic rash associated with vaccination was high in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2021, and vaccination-related allergic rash predominantly occurred within 24 hours following immunization with the first dose of vaccines. Allergic rash associated with vaccination was highly prevalent among children under 1 year.

Estradiol inhibits differentiation of mouse macrophage into a pro-inflammatory phenotype by upregulating the IRE1α-XBP1 signaling axis / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanism by which estradiol modulates the immunophenotype of macrophages through the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.@*METHODS@#Peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57 mice were cultured in the presence of 60 ng/mL interferon-γ (IFN-γ) followed by treatment with estradiol (1.0 nmol/L) alone, estradiol with estrogen receptor antagonist (Acolbifene, 4 nmol/L), estradiol with IRE1α inhibitor (4 μ 8 C), or estradiol with IRE1α agonist. After the treatments, the expression levels of MHC-Ⅱ, iNOS and endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins IRE1α, eIF2α and ATF6 in the macrophages were detected with Western blotting, and the mRNA levels of TGF-β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α were detected with RT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#Estrogen treatment of the macrophages significantly decreased the expressions of M1-related proteins MHC-Ⅱ (P=0.021) and iNOS (P < 0.001) and the mRNA expressions of TNF-α (P=0.003) and IL-6 (P=0.004), increased the mRNA expression of TGF-β (P=0.002) and IL-10 (P=0.008), and up-regulated the protein expressions of IRE1α (P < 0.001) and its downstream transcription factor XBP-1 (P < 0.001). Addition of the estrogen inhibitor obviously blocked the effect of estrogen. Compared with estrogen treatment alone, combined treatment of the macrophages with estrogen and the IRE1α inhibitor 4 μ 8 C significantly up-regulated the protein expressions of MHC-Ⅱ (P=0.002) and iNOS (P=0.003) and the mRNA expressions of TNF-α (P=0.003) and IL-6 (P=0.024), and obviously down-regulated the mRNA expression of TGF-β (P < 0.001) and IL-10 (P < 0.001); these changes were not observed in cells treated with estrogen and the IRE1α agonist.@*CONCLUSION@#Estrogen can inhibit the differentiation of murine macrophages into a pro-inflammatory phenotype by up-regulating the IRE1α-XBP-1 signaling axis, thereby producing an inhibitory effect on inflammatory response.

Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist PD160170 promotes osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and femoral defect repair in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor antagonist PD160170 in promoting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and accelerating healing of femoral defect in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The third generation of rat BMSCs were treated with PBS (control) or 10, 10, or 10 mol/L NPY Y1 receptor antagonist PD160170. After 7 and 14 days of treatment, the cells were examined for osteogenic differentiation with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining. At 7 and 21 days of treatment, the mRNA and protein expressions of collagen type I (COLI), osteocalcin (OCN) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in the cells were detected using q-PCR and Westem Blotting. In a male SD rat model (body weight 300∓20 g) of bilateral femoral condyle defects (2.5 mm in diameter), the effect of daily local injection of 0.2 mL PD160170 (10 and 10 mol/L, for 28 consecutive days) in promoting bone defect repair was evaluated with micro-CT scans.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ALP and alizarin red staining showed that the BMSCs treated with PD160170, at the optimal concentration of 10 mol/L, contained more intracellular cytoplasmic brown particles and mineralized nodules in extracellular matrix than PBS-treated cells. PD160170 (10 mol/L) significantly up-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of COLI at day 7 and those of OCN and Runx2 at day 21 (P<0.05). In the rat models of femoral bone defect, the volume/tissue volume ratio, bone mineral density and the number of bone trabeculae were significantly greater in 10 mol/L PD160170 group than in the control group (P<0.05), but the bone trabecular thickness (P=0.07) and bone volume (P=0.35) were similar between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NPY Y1 receptor antagonist PD160170 can promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and healing of femoral defects in rats, suggesting the potential of therapeutic strategies targeting NPY Y1 receptor signaling in the prevention and treatment of bone fracture and osteoporosis.</p>

A comparative study of two ventilation modes in the weaning phase of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy between synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) and pressure support ventilation with volume guarantee (PSV+VG) in the weaning phase of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty preterm infants with RDS who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between March 2016 and May 2017 were enrolled as subjects. All infants were born at less than 32 weeks' gestation and received mechanical ventilation. These patients were randomly and equally divided into SIMV group and PSV+VG group in the weaning phase. Ventilator parameters, arterial blood gas, weaning duration (from onset of weaning to extubation), duration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) after extubation, extubation failure rate, the incidence rates of pneumothorax, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and the mortality rate were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The PSV+VG group had significantly decreased mean airway pressure, weaning duration, duration of NCPAP after extubation, and extubation failure rate compared with the SIMV group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in arterial blood gas, mortality, or incidence rates of pneumothorax, PDA and BPD between the two groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For preterm infants with RDS, the PSV+VG mode may be a relatively safe and effective mode in the weaning phase. However, multi-center clinical trials with large sample sizes are needed to confirm the conclusion.</p>

Percentages of peripheral blood γδ T cells and regulatory T cells and expression of associated cytokines in infants with human cytomegalovirus infection / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the percentages of peripheral blood γδ T cells and regulatory T cells (Treg) and the expression of associated cytokines, interleukin 17 (IL-17) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), in infants with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-two infants with HCMV infection (HCMV group) and 22 healthy infants who underwent physical examination (control group) were enrolled in this study. The percentages of peripheral blood γδ T cells and Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry. The levels of IL-17 and TGF-β1 in plasma were measured using ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the HCMV group had significantly higher percentage of γδ T cells and IL-17 level (P<0.01) and significantly lower percentage of Treg cells and TGF-β1 level (P<0.01). In the HCMV group, the percentage of γδ T cells was negatively correlated with the percentage of Treg cells and TGF-β1 level (P<0.05), but positively correlated with IL-17 level (P<0.05); the percentage of Treg cells was positively correlated with TGF-β1 level (P<0.05), but negatively correlated with IL-17 level (P<0.05); there was no correlation between IL-17 level and TGF-β1 level (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is an imbalance between γδ T cells and Treg cells in the peripheral blood of infants with HCMV infection, and γδ T cells may be involved in the secretion of IL-17.</p>

Clinical study of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To understand the pathogenesis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) and to investigate its differential diagnosis, clinical manifestations, treatment and prevention.@*Methods@#By analyzing the clinical data of 4 patients with BRONJ in the retrospective study with reviewing related literatures in the world to make a summary of it@*Results@#Cases of 4 patients mainly presented recurring pain, discharging of pus and disposure and necrosis of the bone. 3 patients received surgical and antibiotics treatments, one of them had local infection which was under control by oral antibiotic. The other 2 patients had no infection and recurrence.@*Conclusion@#BRONJ is caused by jaw necrosis due to bisphosphonate inhibition of osteoclast function. For the reason that none of the treatments is unified and satisfied, we should focus on the risk factors in prevention. Appropriate surgery treatment could be well controlled the process of the BRONJ which should be popularization in our study.

Advantages and disadvantages of magnetic resonance susceptibility effect applied clinically and countermeasures / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore the advantages and disadvantages of magnetic resonance susceptibility effect applied clinically and countermeasures. Methods The application range of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) technique and the harm of susceptibility artifact were introduced with considerations on MRI clinical application and experiences, and then some countermeasures were put forward accordingly. Results SWI technique could be used for the diagnoses of multi diseases, and susceptibility artifact could be suppressed by sequence, parameter and corresponding techniques. Conclusion Susceptibility effect contributes to extending the clinical application of MRI, and references are provided for the development and reform of other new techniques.

Sevoflurane preconditioning inhibits brain injury in hypoxic mice / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To observe the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on brain injury in hypoxic mice and its possible mechanism. METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control (C) group, hypoxia (H) group,2% sevoflurane preconditioning for 30 min + hypoxia(S1+H) group,2% sevoflurane preconditioning for 60 min+hypoxia (S2+H) group and 4% sevoflurane preconditioning for 30 min + hypoxia(S3+H) group. The hypoxia model was established by continuous inhalation of(6.5±0.1)% O2for 24 h. The sevoflurane preconditioning treatments,S1,S2 and S3,were conducted by inhalation of 2% sevoflurane for 30 min,2% sevoflurane for 60 min and 4% sevoflurane for 30 min,respectively,with the carrier of(21.0±0.5)% O2,followed by washout for 15 min and then hypoxia treatment. The histological changes of the hippocampal CA1 area were observed under light microscope and transmission electron micro-scope(TEM),and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured by colorimetric method. Furthermore, the protein levels of erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in brain tissue homogenate were ex-amined by ELISA,and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and gluta-thione peroxidase(GPx) were measured by microplate reader. RESULTS:After hypoxia for 24 h,cell edema or pyknosis in the hippocampal CA1 area was observed in H group. Sevoflurane preconditioning reduced hypoxic injury, and the cell ultrastructure under TEM was significantly improved in S2+H group. Compared with C group,the serum LDH activity and the levels of EPO,VEGF and MDA in brain tissues were significantly increased in H group,while the activity of SOD and GPx decreased. After sevoflurane pretreatment,the serum LDH activity and the levels of EPO and VEGF in brain tissues were lower than those in H group,and the most significant difference was observed in S2+H group. Moreover, the MDA content and SOD activity decreased,and the GPx activity increased in the sevoflurane preconditioning groups. CONCLU-SION:Sevoflurane preconditioning attenuates brain injury in hypoxic mice by regulating antihypoxic protein synthesis and reducing oxidative stress.

Warming nursing to severe traumatic patients with hypothermia and nursing measures / 现代临床护理

Objective To investigate the causes of hypothermia in severe trauma patients as well as the effects of warming nursing.Methods Toally 100 severe trauma patients with hypothermia were engaged in the study during January to December 2014.Their temperature was monitored and recorded,the causes analyzed so that the warming nursing measures were done to them.Results Among the 100 patients,59 contracted hypothermia,with the rate of 59.0％ before operation,28 contracted hypothermia during operation,with the incidence rate of 28.0％.The causes of hypothermia included injury,anaesthesia,exposure and fluid resuscitation.The nursing measures included pre-treatment before anaesthesia,avoidance of more exposure and intraoperative warming.Conclusions For the patients with severe trauma,the hypothermia during the operation can be caused by injury,anaesthesia,exposure and fluid resuscitation.The warming nursing can reduce the incidence of hypothermia so as to increase their survival rate.

The effect of clindamycin on preventive infection after knee replacement / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the effect of clindamycin for preventive infection in arthroplasty prophylac-tic.Methods 108 knee replacement patients were injected by 600mg intravenous clindamycin preoperation and con-tinue to use 1 -2 days after operation.The average postoperative hospitalization,postoperative outcome,body tempera-ture and blood after WBC changes of CRP and ESR in the fall of superficial infection trend,the average postoperative day,take out stitches after operation and the number of cases,postoperative deep infection early after infection (2 weeks)and delayed infection cases (within one year)were observed in order to evaluate the efficacy of preopera-tive antibiotics.Results 2 cases had superficial infection due to wound dehiscence (two times after suture recover-y),there was no complications of surgical wound in the other cases.In all cases,after operation,body temperature and blood WBC became to the normal level in seventh days,postoperative patients'CRP,ESR monitoring were significantly higher than those before operation (CRP:F =105.32,P =0.045;ESR:F =118.47,P =0.039),but on the 5 day after operation they were started to decline,CRP in the 21 postoperative day gradually returned to normal,and ESR gradually returned to normal after 6 months of operation.Preoperative HSS score was significantly lower than the post-operative score[(46.8 ±9.7)points vs.(91.7 ±3.4)points,t =6.38,P <0.05].Conclusion Clindamycin plays a definite role in prevention of infection,especially in the beta lactam antibiotic allergy cases,it can be preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis instead of cephalosporins.

Changes of hearing threshold and calcium/calmodulin in the cochlear nucleus cells of mice with cytomegalovirus intracranial infection / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the changes in the threshold of auditory brainstem response (ABR) and [Ca(2+)]I and calmodulin (CaM) in cochlear nucleus of newborn mice infected by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) in the brain.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-nine newborn mice were randomized into model group and control group. The model group (54 mice) was established by intracranial injection with MCMV viral suspension 20 l and the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride was injected in the control group (15 mice). After 1 month, the ABR was tested in a sound-electric screen environment and the threshold was recorded. Then intracellular free calcium [Ca(2+)]i and the mRNA level of CaM in the cochlear nucleus were assayed by flow cytometry and RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compare to the control group [(64.0 ± 1.3) dBSPL], the threshold of ABR in the model group [(84.5 ± 2.7) dBSPL] was increased (F = 2.789,P = 0.000). Moreover, in the model group the intracellular free calcium [Ca(2+)]i and the mRNA level of CaM in the cochlear nucleus were increased (F = 1.290, P = 0.000; F = 4.252, P = 0.023), and the differences were statistically significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The intracranial injection of MCMV can lead to abnormal changes in the threshold of ABR in mice, and the change of [Ca(2+) ]I/CaM in cochlear nucleus may be the important pathological basis of sensorineural hearing loss induced by MCMV infection.</p>

Cone-beam pseudo lambda tomography under FDK framework / 南方医科大学学报

The medical CT scanner is rapidly evolving from the fan-beam mode to the cone-beam geometry mode. In this paper, a new cone-beam pseudo Lambda tomography was proposed based on the Noo's fan beam super-short scan formula and FDK framework. The proposed pseudo-LT algorithm, which avoids the computation of any PI line and any differential operation, has a significant practical implementation, thus leading to the images with quality improvement and reduced artifacts. The results in the simulation studies confirm the observation that the new algorithm can improve the image resolution over the traditional algorithms with noise projection data.

Elimination of direct derivative of the projection data for image reconstruction based on hybrid filter in helical cone-beam CT / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>We present an alternative approach for precise reconstruction of the images from helical cone-beam projections combining Hilbert filter and Ramp filter.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the Katsevich algorithm framework, the proposed algorithm combined the FDK-type algorithms and Katsevich algorithm for their respective advantages, to completely avoid the direct derivatives with respect to the coordinates on the detector plane.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The experimental results validated the accuracy of the new algorithm, and this approach significantly improved the resolution of the reconstructed images with much reduced artifacts.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The proposed reconstruction formula based on hybrid Hilbert-Ramp filter is an important development of Katsevich reconstruction formula, and the different forms of the Ramp filters can be designed to realize frequency modulation according to the actual clinical application.</p>